2 tbsp finely ground dark-roast coffee 2 tbsp chili powder 2 tbsp dark brown sugar, tightly packed 1 tbsp smoked paprika 1 tbsp kosher salt 1 tsp ground cumin 1 tsp red pepper flakes 2 pork shanks, about 2 pounds 1 tbsp butter 1 red onion, diced 2 carrots, peeled and diced 5 cloves garlic, minced 12 oz dark beer, such as Oktoberfest or stout 2 cups stock, beef or chicken 2 bay leaves 1 tsp dried herb blend, I use Italian seasoning 1/2 tsp salt